Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a unique ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This phenomenon has prompted extensive exploration in various fields, including biomedical imaging, therapeutics, and optoelectronics. However, the probable toxicity of UCNPs poses considerable concerns that necessitate tho

Chemical formulas indicate the building blocks of matter. Comprehending these formulas is a fundamental framework for exploring the diverse world of chemistry. They convey information about the kinds of atoms existing in a material, as well as their respective quantities. A chemical formula can quickly show the combination of atoms within a molecu